A. The cell is the basic unit of life. (1)
It is composed of an aqueous solution containing various compounds and a membrane that encloses the solution and has the ability to reproduce itself.
All life is an aggregate of cells, formed by the repeated growth and division of a single cell.
Humans are composed of approximately 37 trillion cells (2) and there are more than 200 cell types (3).
1. Nakamura, Keiko, Matsubara, Ken-ichi, Sakaki, Yoshiyuki, Mizushima Noboru, et al. Essentil Cell Biology, 5th ed. Nankendo, 2021, p.1.
2. E. Bianconi et al., "An estimation of the number of cells in the human body," Annals of Human Biology, 2013.
3. Alberts et al, "Molecular Biology of the Cell," 6th Edition, Garland Science, 2014.
A. Regenerative medicine is medical treatment that aims to regenerate body cells, tissues, and organs that have been lost due to disease or accident, and to restore their functions. (1)
Unlike conventional treatments (e.g., administration of drugs or surgical procedures), it aims to achieve radical healing by utilizing the regenerative capabilities of the living body and advanced technologies.
1. news. "Regenerative Medicine with Patients and Society" - 'Information on Regenerative Medicine Research' - "Why don't we all think about it? ~". Society for Regenerative Medicine. 2017-12-1. https://www.jsrm.jp/news/news-1838/
A. Cell therapy (cell therapy) is a branch of regenerative medicine.
Cells are administered to repair or improve the function of tissues and organs in the human body.
Blood transfusions and bone marrow transplants are considered prototypes of cell therapy."
A. Stem cells are cells with the following two characteristics (1)
(1) Self-renewal capacity: the ability to divide and produce an infinite number of cells identical to itself
(2) Multipotent: Ability to differentiate into other types of cells.
Stem cells are classified into two categories according to their characteristics.
・Pluripotent stem cells: Able to differentiate into endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm (ES cells, iPS cells, etc.) Tissue stem cells: Can differentiate into only a limited number of cell types (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells).
・cells: Can differentiate into only limited types of cells (e.g. mesenchymal stem cells)
Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into different types of cells and secrete active components (2) They play an important role in regenerative medicine.
1. Alberts et al．Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th．Garland Science，2014．
2. Caplan, A. I., & Correa, D. (2011). The MSC: An injury drugstore. Cell Stem Cell, 9(1), 11-15.
A. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of tissue stem cell.
They are found in bone marrow, adipose tissue, cord blood, and dental pulp.
MSCs were thought to differentiate into mesoderm-derived tissues (bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, etc.) (1),but recent studies have reported that they can also differentiate into cells of ectoderm- and endoderm-derived tissues (nerve cells, liver cells, kidney cells, pancreatic cells, skin cells, etc.) (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) and have attracted attention in the field of regenerative medicine (2)(3)(4)(5)(6), and is attracting attention in the field of regenerative medicine.
1. Pittenger, M. F., Mackay, A. M., Beck, S. C., et al. (1999). Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science, 284(5411), 143-147.
2. Yoon, S. W., et al. (2004). Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into neurons in vitro. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 319(4), 1304-1311.
3. Wang, J., et al. (2006). Mesenchymal stem cells: Potential for liver regeneration. Journal of Hepatology, 45(4), 713-720.
4. Chong, H. K., et al. (2006). Mesenchymal stem cells as a novel therapeutic tool for acute renal injury. Kidney International, 69(2), 257-265.
5. Lee, J. Y., et al. (2004). Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into insulin-producing cells. Diabetes, 53(9), 2348-2356.
6. Jiang, Y., et al. (2002). Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into skin cells in vitro. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 118(6), 1172-1179.
A. An initial consultation fee is required. Please inquire about fees.
A. In most cases, treatment is possible even for those with pre-existing medical conditions, but in some cases it may not be possible. A medical interview and examination by our physician is required beforehand.
A. We accept all major credit cards. (VISA, MASTER, JCB, AMEX, DINERS, DISCOVER, UnionPay)
A. Medical appointments can be made by phone or through our contact form.
A. This is an unrestricted treatment. Please note that insurance does not apply.
A. For those who come from far away, we will propose a schedule that reduces the number of visits to the clinic as much as possible.
A. We culture in our laboratory, which is attached to our clinic. The culture is performed safely in a thoroughly quality-controlled environment.
A. It depends on the treatment. For an initial consultation, please allow approximately 3 hours for aqueous light injections and 2 to 3 hours for intravenous treatments. For cell therapy, specific time required will be given at the time of prior consultation, as it varies greatly depending on each individual case.
A.Stem cells are specialized cells that support the body's growth and tissue formation. Through continuous cell division and differentiation, they develop into various cell types that constitute different tissues throughout the body.（Source: Weissman IL, et al. Cell. 2000;100(1). ）
A.Although this treatment uses autologous cells (your own cells), as with any medical procedure, temporary symptoms such as localized swelling or redness may occur at the injection site. Your physician will provide detailed information about treatment-related risks and precautions during the initial consultation.
A.Yes, individuals diagnosed with conditions such as diabetes or arteriosclerosis may be suitable candidates for this therapy. However, individuals who are HIV-positive or currently undergoing cancer treatment are not eligible for stem cell therapy. Final suitability will be determined by your physician during consultation.
A.Pain perception varies from person to person. For the adipose tissue collection required for stem cell therapy, we perform a minor surgical procedure under local anesthesia and take extensive measures to minimize any discomfort. Injections and blood collection are comparable to standard medical treatments and typically cause minimal to no discomfort, similar to a regular blood test.
A.Generally, the method of fat tissue collection (blocking vs. suction method) does not significantly impact culture results. Regardless of the method chosen, we ensure rigorous management of cell condition during the culture process to achieve the target cell quantity required for your treatment.
A. Since it is a substance naturally found in the body, the risk of allergic reactions is low, and its safety is well-established.
A. It varies depending on the product and treatment area, but generally lasts around 12 to 24 months.
A. While it varies by individual, it typically takes about one week.
A. Mild swelling or redness may occur, but usually subsides within a few days.
A.The number of treatments varies depending on individual health conditions and treatment goals. Most patients choose to undergo multiple administrations. The specific number of sessions and intervals will be determined by your physician during consultation.
A.Exosome therapy is generally understood to support inflammatory regulation and tissue repair.
A. Depending on the dosage administered and individual differences, effects are typically believed to last approximately 3 months to 1 year.
A. Serious adverse reactions are rare. However, temporary symptoms such as mild fever, fatigue, or discomfort at the infusion site may occur.
A. The procedure typically takes about 30 minutes. Depending on vascular conditions, it may take up to approximately 1 hour.
A. Daily activities are generally not affected. However, please avoid strenuous exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking on the day of treatment.
A. The sensation is comparable to a standard infusion, and significant pain is generally not experienced.
A. This treatment is not suitable for individuals who are pregnant, have severe medical conditions, infectious diseases, or are currently undergoing cancer treatment. Final suitability will be determined by your physician.
A. Exosomes are not cells themselves. While the risk of immune rejection is lower, their regenerative capacity is more limited compared to stem cell therapy.
A. We use dental pulp-derived exosomes from Japanese donors aged 5 to 19 years.
A. This treatment is often chosen by individuals experiencing: Brain fog and declining concentration / Persistent fatigue and low energy / Frequent alcohol consumption (liver support needs) / UV damage and skin dullness concerns
A. Brain function and energy restoration: Most patients report experiencing "mental clarity improvement" or "reduced fatigue sensation" within 24-48 hours following treatment. Skin radiance enhancement: Visible improvements typically become apparent after 4-6 weeks of consistent treatment, corresponding with natural skin cell renewal cycles. Individual response patterns vary significantly based on physiological factors and lifestyle variables.
A. Recommended intervals vary by treatment goals: Routine Maintenance & Comprehensive Care: 1-2 times per month / Intensive Fatigue Recovery & Focused Care: Every 1-2 weeks ※ These intervals are general guidelines. Actual treatment plans are customized by physicians based on individual medical assessment.
A. Infusion administration: 45-60 minutes / Complete first-visit duration: Approximately 90 minutes (includes consultation, G6PD testing when required, and treatment administration) / High-dose Vitamin C has high osmotic pressure, which may cause vascular pain; infusion speed will be lowered in such cases, extending the time. Please allow ample time.
A. There is a slight prick during needle insertion. Due to high osmotic pressure, some patients feel vascular pain in the arm. We manage this by adjusting the drip speed. Please inform staff immediately if you feel discomfort.
A. Generally safe, but potential reactions include: Vascular pain (managed by speed adjustment) / Hypoglycemia symptoms (if fasting or diabetic) / Rare headache/nausea / Subcutaneous bruising at injection site / Serious risk: Hemolytic anemia in G6PD-deficient patients (prevented by our mandatory testing).
A. Medically safe high-dose vitamin C requires G6PD status confirmation. Facilities omitting this test may be: Using lower concentrations to reduce liability / Prioritizing convenience over safety protocols / Tokyo Relife Clinic follows evidence-based international safety standards. G6PD deficiency can cause life-threatening hemolytic anemia at therapeutic concentrations.
A. Citicoline (CDP-Choline) is a pharmaceutical-grade cognitive enhancement compound that promotes acetylcholine synthesis in brain tissue. Extensively utilized in European and North American medical practices for brain fog and cognitive optimization. Clinical Note: Very few Tokyo facilities offer IV citicoline, making this a unique therapeutic option.
A. No. Minors (<18), pregnant/breastfeeding women, and dialysis patients cannot receive it. Patients on oral contraceptives cannot receive Tranexamic Acid formulations due to clot risk. Physician determination is final.
A. Please eat before coming. Fasting increases the risk of hypoglycemia-like symptoms during high-dose infusion.
A. No. G6PD deficiency is genetic. Once confirmed negative, you never need to test again for your lifetime. We require it only for patients with no proof of prior testing.
A.This therapy is often chosen by individuals who: Feel their immune function has declined / Seek to support immune health following cancer treatment / Are interested in anti-aging and longevity approaches / Wish to maintain comprehensive wellness management / Whether this treatment is appropriate requires comprehensive evaluation by our physicians during consultation.
A.Research studies have demonstrated correlations between NK cell activity and cancer development patterns. However, NK cell therapy is not a replacement for standard cancer treatment protocols such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. It is typically positioned as a supportive immunotherapy approach designed to enhance immune function alongside conventional medical care.
A.Scientific literature indicates correlations between NK cell activity and cancer occurrence rates. However, we do not guarantee future cancer prevention effects. Patients typically receive this treatment as part of preventive medicine strategies, with the expectation of supporting immune function that may have declined due to aging or other factors. No medical treatment can guarantee cancer prevention. This therapy represents one component of comprehensive health management.
A.The infusion itself typically takes approximately 1 hour. However, please allow for a total visit time of about 90 minutes. This includes: Physician consultation / Blood collection for the next cell culture / The NK cell infusion / Duration may vary slightly depending on your physical condition on the day.
A.While generally considered safe, the following minor reactions may occur: Mild discomfort or pain at the needle insertion site / Minor subcutaneous bruising (ecchymosis) from blood collection / Temporary mild fever (may indicate natural immune response) / Transient fatigue or malaise / Serious adverse reactions are rare. All treatments are performed under direct physician supervision with continuous monitoring.
A.In most cases, no downtime is required. You can typically return to your daily activities immediately after the procedure, without needing to take time off work.
A.Not everyone is suitable for this therapy. The following individuals cannot receive this treatment: HTLV-1 (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1) carriers / Patients with autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and collagen diseases / Individuals under 18 years of age / Pregnant or breastfeeding women / Patients with severe cardiac conditions or active infections / Comprehensive medical evaluation is required before treatment. Final eligibility is determined by our physicians.
A.NK (Natural Killer) cells are immune cells classified as part of the innate immune system. They possess the unique ability to autonomously identify and eliminate abnormal cells, including cancer cells and virus-infected cells, without prior sensitization.
A.No, they are distinct treatments. While both fall under regenerative medicine, their therapeutic purposes and mechanisms are completely different: NK Cell Therapy: Focuses on enhancing and strengthening immune function. Supports natural cellular defense mechanisms. / Stem Cell Therapy: Focuses on anti-inflammatory effects and immune modulation. Promotes tissue regeneration and cellular balance.
A.Continuous treatment over multiple sessions may be more effective in supporting your therapeutic goals. The specific number of sessions and treatment intervals will be personalized by our physicians based on your individual treatment objectives, current health status, and response to therapy.
A.It is recommended to avoid alcohol and smoking the day before.
A.The skin harvesting itself takes about 30 minutes. The entire process (including anesthesia, preparation, and postoperative care) will be completed within 1 hour.
A.Because local anesthesia is used, there is almost no pain during the treatment. After the anesthesia wears off, there is only slight discomfort, which lasts for about 1 to 2 days.
A.The skin harvest site only needs to be covered with a band-aid and it has almost no impact on daily life and work. If you work in an office, you can start working the same day.
A.You can start from the next day. It is recommended to start taking baths from the day after the operation.
A.Due to individual differences in cell conditions at the initial culture stage, it usually takes about 6 to 8 weeks for proliferation. After quality inspection (sterility, viability, etc.), it is adjusted to a state suitable for injection.
A. The effect of a single injection can last from 1 to 2 years. By injecting approximately once every three months, the skin can look more youthful; if the goal is just to maintain the effect of one injection, an annual injection is also acceptable. The specific injection frequency can be decided after a doctor's consultation, based on your personal preferences.
A. The intensity of pain sensation varies from person to person, but anesthetic cream or block anesthesia will be used, so please rest assured.
A. Redness, mild swelling, and bruising may last from a few hours up to about a day, but makeup and face washing can be resumed from the next day.
A. It's best to schedule them at different times. The detailed situation should be determined based on the doctor's diagnosis.
A. Because it is cryopreservation, it can be stored for up to 20 years.
A. Results vary by treatment and individual condition, but research shows changes typically begin around 3 months for PRP, stem cell culture supernatant, and stem cell treatments※6,7,8. This treatment does not guarantee immediate results.
A. Hair regeneration requires multiple sessions based on your condition. Research shows: Stem Cell Treatment: Improvement from 3 months after 1 session※8 / PRP / Supernatant: Improvement after 3-6 sessions※6,7
A. As explained in Causes（Hormonal Changes and Micro-Inflammation & Reduced Blood Flow） hair loss has different mechanisms. Combining regenerative treatment with oral medication works best—regenerative medicine improves scalp environment while medication helps prevent hair loss progression. Advanced Combination Therapy Option: We offer Stem Cell Infusion for Menopausal/Andropausal Symptoms, officially accepted by Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Plan Number: PB3240267). Combining local scalp treatment with systemic stem cell infusion may provide enhanced synergistic effects.
A. Unlike medication, regenerative medicine improves the scalp environment naturally. Results vary by lifestyle and health, but studies show improvements lasting several months to about 1 year※6,7,8.
A. You may feel discomfort during injection, but we use anesthesia to minimize pain.
A. Typically no downtime. Minor redness or swelling at injection sites may occur but usually resolves within a few days.
A. Yes. We provide treatment plans for both androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and female pattern hair loss (FAGA) based on individual condition.
A. Yes, combination therapy is typically possible. Specific plans will be determined through physician consultation.
A. Primarily temporary injection-related reactions (redness, bruising) and occasional allergic responses. Serious side effects are extremely rare. We use only products that pass rigorous viral and bacterial testing, minimizing infection risk. Our physicians are prepared to respond immediately to any allergic reactions.
A. Results vary by individual. Effectiveness depends on hair loss cause and progression stage. If hair follicles are completely gone, improvement cannot be expected. Physician consultation can confirm follicle viability.
A. Traditional DNA testing: Analyzes your inherited genetic sequences (such as predispositions to certain conditions), which remain essentially unchanged throughout your lifetime. Epigenetic clock testing: Instead of analyzing the genetic sequences themselves, it examines DNA methylation patterns in your blood—these are biological "markers" that show how active or inactive your genes currently are. By analyzing these patterns, we can precisely assess your biological age and aging progression rate.
A. A single test provides a valuable snapshot of your current physical condition. However, biological age and aging progression rates are not fixed numbers—they gradually change over time based on your health status, lifestyle habits, stress levels, and other environmental factors. Tracking changes over time is the key to meaningful insights. We typically recommend follow-up testing after approximately 3 months under similar conditions to observe genuine trends rather than temporary fluctuations.
A. The timing and way changes appear vary significantly among individuals, so we cannot promise "immediate changes." We advise against overreacting to minor short-term numerical fluctuations. Instead, we recommend re-testing after sustaining lifestyle improvements for 3 months to capture more meaningful and reflective changes.
A. Epigenetic clock testing is an important reference tool for understanding your current physical condition. We recommend starting with one initial test to establish your baseline. If you wish to track changes resulting from lifestyle adjustments, a follow-up test after approximately 3 months is generally appropriate. Since short-term numerical changes may not be significant, we recommend consulting with your physician to determine the optimal retesting schedule based on your individual circumstances.
A. Analysis results are typically provided 45 days or more after blood collection. (Actual timeframes may vary depending on laboratory conditions.)
A. Please be assured that this value is only one reference indicator and is not a diagnosis of disease or a definitive prediction of your future. Our physicians never make judgments based on a single result alone. We provide comprehensive interpretation by considering the gap between your chronological and biological age, results from other examinations, and your lifestyle background. If you have concerns about your results, your physician will recommend additional assessments or improvement strategies tailored to your needs.
A. Epigenetic clock testing requires 9 mL of blood (approximately one standard collection tube).
A. Depending on your current health condition or ongoing treatments, we may recommend postponing the test temporarily. Please inform us in advance about your complete medical history, current medications, and any known allergies. Final suitability for testing will be determined by your physician during consultation.
A. Since the procedure involves manual injections or mesotherapy, you may experience multiple prickling sensations. Depending on the treatment area and method, anesthesia may be used to help minimize discomfort.
A. Depending on the specific program, the total time from arrival to completion is approximately 90 to 120 minutes. This duration may vary based on your desired treatment area and content.
A. PRP treatment is generally considered to have a short recovery period. However, temporary symptoms such as redness, swelling, or subcutaneous bleeding (bruising) may occur, typically lasting from several days to approximately one week.
A. In most cases, you can resume normal daily activities immediately. However, on the day of treatment, please refrain from strenuous exercise, sauna use, hot baths, and alcohol consumption.
A. Generally, there is no need to take specific time off. However, depending on your treatment area and symptoms, your physician may provide individual instructions (such as recommending rest).
A. While individual responses vary, many patients begin to notice changes within approximately 1 week to 1 month following treatment.
A. The effects of PRP treatment are generally understood to be relatively short-term, and the duration and post-treatment progress vary among individuals. We typically recommend an initial series of 2 to 3 treatments at shorter intervals (e.g., every 2 weeks to 1 month), followed by maintenance sessions approximately every 3 months.
A. This depends on your treatment goals and individual condition, but multiple sessions may be required. A specific treatment plan will be determined by your physician following consultation.
A. Because the treatment uses autologous blood (your own blood), the risk of allergic reactions is generally understood to be low. However, redness, swelling, subcutaneous bleeding (bruising), or pain associated with the injection may occur.
A. Not everyone is suitable for this treatment. Individuals with infectious diseases, those who are pregnant, or those with certain blood disorders may not be eligible. Final suitability will be determined by your physician during consultation.
A. The effects usually begin to appear within 3 to 7 days and last for approximately 3 to 6 months.
A. Temporary redness, swelling, or bruising may occur at the injection site, but these typically subside within a few days. In rare cases, overcorrection may cause facial stiffness.
A. Yes, it is safe. Repeating the treatment every 3 to 6 months can help maintain results and prevent the development of deeper wrinkles or facial bulk.
A. While Korean-made Botox tends to be more affordable, it is not approved by Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Reports have shown inconsistent results in terms of effectiveness and duration. In addition, products with higher levels of impurities may lead to antibody formation, increasing the risk of the treatment becoming ineffective over time. At our clinic, we exclusively use Botox Vista® by Allergan, which is approved by both the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan) and the FDA (USA), prioritizing safety and consistent effectiveness.
A: We primarily treat Kellgren-Lawrence Grade 0–3 patients. For advanced Grade 4 knee osteoarthritis, we may still consider treatment for symptom relief. We assess each patient's knee joint condition individually to determine the best osteoarthritis treatment approach.
A: This depends on your current joint condition — some cases require surgery while others respond well to regenerative medicine. We review your imaging and explain all osteoarthritis treatment options, including surgery, with their advantages and limitations.
*Regenerative medicine, including stem cell injection, is not a complete substitute for knee replacement surgery.
A: Stem cell injection and the other treatments aim to reduce knee pain and improve joint function, but we cannot guarantee complete pain elimination or full cartilage restoration. Results vary based on osteoarthritis severity and individual factors.
A: This is a common question for patients researching effective osteoarthritis treatments.
Based on clinical research:
Stem cell injection: Knee pain relief typically begins within 1–3 months, with functional improvement around 6 months ※6
Stem cell culture supernatant: Pain and function improvement reported after 3 sessions ※4
PRP injection: Gradual pain relief over 1–3 months after 1–2 sessions ※5
Many patients follow similar timelines, but recovery varies by osteoarthritis severity and overall health.※ Small-scale clinical studies; results not guaranteed.
A: We recommend treatment plans based on your imaging assessment:
Stem cell injection: 3 sessions per course. We schedule additional sessions based on your progress after the first treatment
Stem cell culture supernatant: 3–5 sessions per course, every 2–3 weeks. We assess progress before recommending additional treatment
PRP injection: 3–5 sessions for mild knee osteoarthritis, spaced several weeks apart
We cannot guarantee improvement within a specific number of sessions. We explain our recommended plan after thoroughly assessing your knee joint condition.
A: Research shows:
Stem cell injection: Pain and function improvement lasting approximately 1 year ※7
Stem cell culture supernatant: Improvement lasting several months ※4
PRP injection: Improvement lasting 6 months–1 year ※5
※ Small-scale studies; results not guaranteed.
How long the effects last depends on:
Osteoarthritis severity before treatment
Body weight and activity level
Post-treatment lifestyle habits
We provide exercise guidance and weight management support to help maintain results. Additional treatments can be discussed during follow-up visits.
A: All osteoarthritis treatments are same-day procedures. Avoid strenuous exercise and baths on fat collection day, but desk work and daily activities can resume the next day.
A: Please check each treatment page for details. Main risks include pain, swelling, and bruising at the collection site, and temporary pain and swelling from knee joint injection. Serious side effects are rare. We explain all risks before treatment.
A: Yes. We recommend combining treatment with rehabilitation and lifestyle guidance. We assess your knee joint condition to determine optimal timing for combining or switching from treatments like hyaluronic acid injections.
A: Stem cell injection, stem cell culture supernatant, and PRP injection are self-pay medical care (not covered by public insurance). Medical expense tax deductions may apply — consult your local tax office for details.
A: Yes. For stem cell injection, a single fat collection provides enough cells for both knee joints, reducing physical burden while enabling balanced bilateral osteoarthritis treatment.
A: Knee swelling (joint effusion) results from synovitis causing excess fluid production — a common osteoarthritis symptom indicating chronic inflammation and a frequent cause of knee pain.
We first drain the joint fluid, then perform stem cell injection, supernatant, or PRP injection. This approach improves the joint environment and reduces fluid re-accumulation. Depending on your knee condition, we may control inflammation before proceeding with regenerative medicine.
A: We minimize discomfort through:
Technical measures:
Fine needles (similar to blood draw needles)
Ultrasound guidance for precise, safe injection paths
Local anesthesia to reduce injection pain
Patient experience: Many patients say it feels "like a blood draw" or "much easier than expected." The procedure takes only minutes. You may feel mild knee soreness for 2–3 days afterward.
If you're concerned about pain, please discuss this with us beforehand. We'll work within our capabilities to ensure your comfort. Please feel free to consult us about any concerns.